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RV4145A
Low Power Ground Fault Interrupter
Features
* * * * No potentiomenter required Direct interface to SCR Supply voltage derived from AC line - 26V shunt Adjustable sensitivity * * * * Grounded neutral fault detection Meets U.L. 943 standards 450A quiescent current Ideal for 120V or 220V systems
Description
The RV4145A is a low power controller for AC outlet ground fault interrupters. These devices detect hazardous grounding conditions, such as equipment (connected to opposite phases of the AC line) in contact with a pool of water and open circuits the line before a harmful or lethal shock occurs. Contained internally are a 26V zener shunt regulator, an op amp, and an SCR driver. WIth the addition of two sense transformers, a bridge rectifier, an SCR, a relay, and a few additional components, the RV4145A will detect and protect against both hot wire to ground and neutral wire to ground faults. The simple layout and conventional design ensure ease of application and long-term reliability.
Block Diagram
RV4145A VFB R1 10K R2 10K VREF (+13V) +VS (+26V)
+Input
Op Amp Output
6.5V
6.5V
6.5V
6.5V
Ground R3 4.7K
65-4145A-01
SCR Trigger
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RV4145A
Pin Assignments
8-Pin PDIP 8-Pin SOIC VFB +Input VREF GND
1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
8-Pin MSOP NC Op Amp Output +VS SCR Trigger NC +Input VREF GND
1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5
VFB Op Amp Output +VS SCR Trigger
65-4145A-02
Absolute Maximum Ratings
(beyond which the device may be damaged)1 Parameter Supply Current Internal Power Dissipation Storage Temperature Range Operating Temperature Range Junction Temperature Lead Soldering Temperature PD TA < 50C 60 Sec, DIP 10 Sec, SOIC, MSOP SOIC PDIP MSOP For TA > 50C Derate at SOIC PDIP MSOP 4 6 4.7 -65 -35 Min Typ Max 18 500 +150 +85 125C 300 260 300 450 350 C C mW mW mW mW/C mW/C mW/C Units mA mW C C
Notes: 1. Functional operation under any of these conditions is NOT implied. Performance and reliability are guaranteed only if Operating Conditions are not exceeded.
Operating Conditions
Parameter JA Thermal resistance SOIC PDIP MSOP Min Typ 240 160 206 Max Units C/W C/W C/W
2
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
RV4145A
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Electrical Characteristics
Parameters Detector Reference Voltage Shunt Regulator Zener Voltage (+VS) Reference Voltage (VREF) Quiescent Current (IS) Operational Amplifier Offset Voltage +Output Voltage Swing -Output Voltage Swing +Output Source Current -Output Source Current Gain Bandwidth Product Resistors R1 R2 R3 SCR Trigger Voltage Detector On Detector Off
(IS = 1.5mA and TA = +25C) Test Conditions Pin 7 to Pin 3 Pin 6 to Pin 4 Pin 3 to Pin 4 +VS = 24V Pin 2 to Pin 3 Pin 7 to Pin 3 Pin 7 to Pin 3 Pin 7 to Pin 3 Pin 7 to Pin 3 F = 50KHz IS = 0mA Pin 1 to Pin 3 Pin 2 to Pin 3 Pin 5 to Pin 4 Pin 5 to Pin 4 1.5 0 2.8 1 10 V mV 3.5 10 10 4.7 5.9 k k k 1.0 -3.0 6.8 -9.5 Min 6.8 25 12.5 Typ 7.2 26 13 450 0.5 7.2 -11.2 650 1.0 1.8 Max 8.1 29.2 14.6 750 +3.0 8.1 -13.5 Units V V V A mV V V A mA MHz
Electrical Characteristics
Parameters Detector Reference Voltage Shunt Regulator Zener Voltage (+VS) Reference Voltage (VREF) Quiescent Current (IS) Operational Amplifier Offset Voltage +Output Voltage Swing -Output Voltage Swing Gain Bandwidth Product Resistors R1 R2 R3 SCR Trigger Voltage Detector On Detector Off
(IS = 1.5mA and -35C TA +85C) Test Conditions Pin 7 to Pin 3 Pin 6 to Pin 4 Pin 3 to Pin 4 +VS = 23V Pin 2 to Pin 3 Pin 7 to Pin 3 Pin 7 to Pin 3 F = 50KHz IS = 0mA Pin 1 to Pin 3 Pin 2 to Pin 3 Pin 5 to Pin 4 Pin 5 to Pin 4 1.3 0 2.8 3 50 V mV 3.5 10 10 4.7 5.9 k k k -5.0 6.5 -9 Min 6.5 24 12 Typ 7.2 26 13 500 0.5 7.2 -11.2 1.8 +5.0 8.3 -14 Max 8.3 30 15 Units V V V A mV V V MHz
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
3
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RV4145A
Principles of Operation
The 26V shunt regulator voltage generated by the string of zener diodes is divided into three reference voltages: 3/4 VS, 1/2 VS, and 1/4 VS. VREF is at 1/2VS and is used as a reference to create an artifical ground of +13V at the op amp noninverting input. Figure 1 shows a three-wire 120V AC outlet GFI application using an RV4145A. Fault signals from the sense transformer are AC coupled into the input and are amplified according to the following equation: V7 = RSENSE x ISENSE/N Where V7 is the RMS voltage at pin 7 relative to pin 3, RSENSE is the value of the feedback resistor connected from pin 7 to pin 1, ISENSE is the fault current in amps RMS and N is the turns ratio of the transformer. When V7 exceeds plus or minus 7.2V relative to pin 3 the SCR Trigger output will go high and fire the external SCR. The formula for V7 is approximate because it does not include the sense transformer characteristics. Grounded neutral fault detection is accomplished when a short or fault closes a magnetic path between the sense transformer and the grounded neutral transformer. The resultant AC coupling closes a positive feedback path around the op amp, and therefore the op amp oscillates. When the peaks of the oscillation voltage exceed the SCR trigger comparator thresholds, the SCR output will go high.
The roll-off frequency is greater than the grounded neutral fault oscillation frequency, in order to preserve loop gain for oscillation (which is determined by the inductance of the 200:1 transformer and C4). The senstivity to grounded neutral faults is adjusted by changing the frequency of oscillation. Increasing the frequency reduces the sensitivity by reducing the loop gain of the positive feedback circuit. As frequency increases, the signal becomes attenuated and the loop gain decreases. With the values shown the circuit will detect a grounded neutral fault having resistance of 2 or less. The input to the op amp are protected from overvoltage by back-toback diodes.
SCR Driver
The SCR used must have a high dV/dt rating to ensure that line noise (generated by noisy appliances such as a drill motor) does not falsely trigger the SCR. Also, the SCR must have a gate drive requirement of less than 200A. CF is a noise filter capacitor that prevents narrow pulses from firing the SCR. The relay solenoid used should have a 3ms or less response time in order to meet the UL 943 timing requirement.
Sense Transformers and Cores
The sense and grounded neutral transformer cores are usually fabricated using high permeability laminated steel rings. Their single turn primary is created by passing the line and neutral wires through the center of its core. The secondary is usually from 200 to 1500 turns. Magnetic Metals Corporation, Camden, NJ 08101, (609) 964-7842, and Magnetics, 900 E. Butler Road, P.O. Box 391, Butler, PA 16003, (412) 282-8282 are full line suppliers of ring cores and transformers designed specifically for GFI applications.
Shunt Regulator
RLINE limits the current into the shunt regulator; 220V applications will require substituting a 47k 2W resistor. In addition to supplying power to the IC, the shunt regulator creates internal reference voltages (see above).
Operational Amplifier
RSENSE is a feedback resistor that sets gain and therefore sensitivity to normal faults. To adjust RSENSE, follow this procedure: apply the desired fault current (a difference in current of 5mA is the UL 943 standard). Adjust RSENSE upward until the SCR activates. A fixed resistor can be used for RSENSE, since the resultant 15% variation in sensitivity will meet UL's 943 4-6mA specification window.
Two-Wire Application Circuit
Figure 2 shows the diagram of a 2-wire 120V AC outlet GFI circuit using an RV4145A. This circuit is not designed to detect grounded neutral faults. Thus, the grounded neutral transformer and capacitors C3 and C4 of Figure 1 are not used.
4
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
RV4145A
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RTEST 15K Mov Sense Transformer
Press To Test
Ground Neutral Transformer
1000:1 Line
Hot Neutral RSENSE 1M *
200:1
Latching Contacts K1
Load
C1 10F VFB
RV4145 Op Amp Output
C3 0.01 F Solenoid C4 0.03 F
VREF (+13V)
+VS
GND
SCR Trigger RLINE 24K
DB1 1N4004 (4)
Q1 ON Semi MCR100-6 C2 0.01F
CF 2.2 F
65-4145A-03
* Value depends on transformer characteristics.
Figure 1. GFI Application Circuit (Three-Wire Outlet)
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
5
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RV4145A
RTEST 15K Mov Sense Transformer
Press To Test
1000:1 Line
Hot Neutral RSENSE 1M *
Latching Contacts K1
Load
C1 10F VFB
RV4145 Op Amp Output Solenoid
VREF (+13V)
+VS
GND
SCR Trigger RLINE 24K
DB1 1N4004 (4)
Q1 Tag X0103DA C2 0.01F
CF 2.2 F
65-4145A-04
* Value depends on transformer characteristics.
Figure 2. GFI Application Circuit (Two-Wire Outlet)
6
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
RV4145A
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
(6) +VS (+26V) Q20 6.5V Q11 Q13 Q12 (-) Q1 Q2 Q23 Q15 (+) R7 250K Q19 6.5V (3) VREF (+13V) Q18 6.5V R13 30K Q16 Q14 C1 Q10 4 pF Q4 Q9 R4 50K R5 50K Q5 R9 39K Z1 5.6V R12 7.2K Q17 6.5V R1 10K Q3 R10 6K R2 10K R14 1.3K R6 450 Q6 Q7 Q8 R3 4.7K (4) Ground Substrate (7) (5) Op Amp Output SCR Trigger
65-4145A-05
Schematic Diagram
Q22
Q21
(1)
VFB
(2)
+Input
C2
10 pF
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
7
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RV4145A
Mechanical Dimensions
8-Lead Plastic DIP Package
Inches Min. A A1 A2 B B1 C D D1 E E1 e eB L N -- .015 .115 .014 .045 .008 .348 .005 .300 .240 Max. .210 -- .195 .022 .070 .015 .430 -- .325 .280 Millimeters Min. -- .38 2.93 .36 1.14 .20 8.84 .13 7.62 6.10 Max. 5.33 -- 4.95 .56 1.78 .38 10.92 -- 8.26 7.11 Notes: Notes 1. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982. 2. "D" and "E1" do not include mold flashing. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010 inch (0.25mm). 3. Terminal numbers are for reference only. 4. "C" dimension does not include solder finish thickness. 5. Symbol "N" is the maximum number of terminals. 4 2
Symbol
2
.100 BSC -- .430 .115 .160 8
2.54 BSC -- 10.92 2.92 4.06 8 5
D 4 1
E1
D1
5
8
E e A A1 L B1 B eB A2 C
8
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
RV4145A
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
Mechanical Dimensions (continued)
8-Lead SOIC Package
Inches Min. A A1 B C D E e H h L N ccc Max. Millimeters Min. Max. Notes: Notes 1. Dimensioning and tolerancing per ANSI Y14.5M-1982. 2. "D" and "E" do not include mold flash. Mold flash or protrusions shall not exceed .010 inch (0.25mm). 3. "L" is the length of terminal for soldering to a substrate. 4. Terminal numbers are shown for reference only. 5 2 2 5. "C" dimension does not include solder finish thickness. 6. Symbol "N" is the maximum number of terminals.
Symbol
.053 .069 .004 .010 .013 .020 .008 .010 .189 .197 .150 .158 .050 BSC .228 .010 .016 8 0 -- 8 .004 .244 .020 .050
1.35 1.75 0.10 0.25 0.33 0.51 0.20 0.25 4.80 5.00 3.81 4.01 1.27 BSC 5.79 0.25 0.40 8 0 -- 8 0.10 6.20 0.50 1.27
3 6
8
5
E
H
1
4
D A1 A SEATING PLANE B -C- LEAD COPLANARITY ccc C
h x 45 C
e
L
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
9
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RV4145A
Mechanical Dimensions
8-Lead MSOP Package
Package MA08D
0.118 - 0.004 [3 0.1] 8
-A-
5
SYMM C
0.193 0.004 [4.9 0.1]
0.118 0.004 [3 0.1]
-B-
(0.189) [4.8] (0.040) TYP [1.02]
PIN 1 IDENT (0.016) TYP [0.41] 1 4 (0.0256) TYP [0.65] R 0.030 - 0.037 [0.78 - 0.94] (0.0256) TYP [0.65]
LAND PATTERN RECOMMENDATION 0.005 TYP [0.13] 0.005 R TYP [0.13]
GAGE PLANE (0.010) [0.23]
-C-
0.002 [0.05]
C
0.002 - 0.006 TYP [0.06 - 0.15]
0.012 0.002 TYP [0.3 0.05] 0.002 [0.05]
M AS BS
(0.033) [0.84] 0.0375 [0.953]
0.021 0.005 [0.53 0.12]
0-6 TYP SEATING PLANE
0.007 0.002 TYP [0.18 0.05]
8-Lead Molded Small Outline Package (MSOP), JEDEC MO-187, 3.0mm Wide Package Number MA08D
10
REV. 1.0.3 3/6/02
PRODUCT SPECIFICATION
RV4145A
Ordering Information
Part Number RV4145AN RV4145AM RV4145AMU Package 8-Lead Plastic DIP 8-Lead Plastic SOIC 8-Lead Plastic MSOP Operating Temperature Range -35C to +85C -35C to +85C -35C to +85C
DISCLAIMER FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR RESERVES THE RIGHT TO MAKE CHANGES WITHOUT FURTHER NOTICE TO ANY PRODUCTS HEREIN TO IMPROVE RELIABILITY, FUNCTION OR DESIGN. FAIRCHILD DOES NOT ASSUME ANY LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THE APPLICATION OR USE OF ANY PRODUCT OR CIRCUIT DESCRIBED HEREIN; NEITHER DOES IT CONVEY ANY LICENSE UNDER ITS PATENT RIGHTS, NOR THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS. LIFE SUPPORT POLICY FAIRCHILD'S PRODUCTS ARE NOT AUTHORIZED FOR USE AS CRITICAL COMPONENTS IN LIFE SUPPORT DEVICES OR SYSTEMS WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN APPROVAL OF THE PRESIDENT OF FAIRCHILD SEMICONDUCTOR CORPORATION. As used herein: 1. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems which, (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body, or (b) support or sustain life, and (c) whose failure to perform when properly used in accordance with instructions for use provided in the labeling, can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury of the user.
www.fairchildsemi.com 3/6/02 0.0m 001 Stock#DS2004145A 2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation
2. A critical component in any component of a life support device or system whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to cause the failure of the life support device or system, or to affect its safety or effectiveness.

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